out/fourth/fourth.md
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Historical account, 15 October 2026. D3 revised R01 and P05, bounded A21 and added fifteen candidates. The 24 October D3c head says the C5 account has not yet been rewritten for those amendments. Read the D3 handback alongside this earlier account. D3 handback, 24 October.
The run later retold the model and audited its limits. Read the final D6 account and E1/E2 audits for the completed run. Completed v43 results.
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Fourth-order themes, stage C1 (cut at C1a-10)
These are the fourth-order themes of stage C1, section 8: named
groups of third-order themes, each a construct from the moment it was
cut. They partition the third-order tier of
scheme_v2.jsonl: each third-order theme sits in one
fourth-order theme, and a second-order theme reaches two only through
its own placements (rule 0). The lines are in
fourth/fourth.jsonl; each cut is a line in
tier_history.jsonl (tier fourth, event created, move
merging or relating), a move line in the diary and a snap. The specs,
and the reasons for each bundle, are in
out/_analysis/c1_t4_specs.json.
The stories are provisional. They are the structure stage C2 starts
from, and C2 may change any of them. No number was set: the material
carries 28 constructs over 195 of the 197 third-order themes, and the
diary says why. Every borrowed or adapted source is recalled, since only
the method shelf is held at C1; stage C3 checks each against a text and
verifies or withdraws it. The form-pass findings in
form_pass-C1.md are a tier of their own; they are not
members of any fourth-order theme.
The next table lists each fourth-order theme with its declaration, its move, the number of third-order themes it holds, and the placement lines and rooms whose second-order themes reach it through any of their placed themes. The reach is description, not a share: a line placed on two fourth-order themes is counted under each.
| id | name | declared | move | third-order themes | lines reached | rooms reached |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T4-001 | Keying | adapted | relating | 10 | 834 | 368 |
| T4-002 | Boundary work | adapted | merging | 8 | 395 | 274 |
| T4-003 | Sensemaking | borrowed | merging | 3 | 348 | 283 |
| T4-004 | Frame bridging | adapted | merging | 4 | 305 | 242 |
| T4-005 | Mobilization | adapted | merging | 5 | 419 | 370 |
| T4-006 | Collective representation | adapted | merging | 10 | 563 | 425 |
| T4-007 | Stigmergy | borrowed | merging | 3 | 443 | 348 |
| T4-008 | Standardization of output | borrowed | merging | 5 | 267 | 237 |
| T4-009 | Workarounds | adapted | merging | 8 | 287 | 236 |
| T4-010 | Backstage decision-making | adapted | relating | 7 | 296 | 276 |
| T4-011 | Decided order | borrowed | merging | 8 | 48 | 46 |
| T4-012 | Collective efficacy | borrowed | merging | 5 | 95 | 89 |
| T4-013 | Repair work | adapted | merging | 6 | 692 | 526 |
| T4-014 | Territoriality | borrowed | merging | 7 | 320 | 262 |
| T4-015 | Live and let live | borrowed | relating | 11 | 248 | 205 |
| T4-016 | Negotiated order | borrowed | merging | 11 | 550 | 467 |
| T4-017 | Reciprocity | borrowed | relating | 7 | 358 | 284 |
| T4-018 | Meta-organization | borrowed | merging | 9 | 239 | 194 |
| T4-019 | Attribution | adapted | relating | 4 | 179 | 155 |
| T4-020 | Repertoire of contention | adapted | merging | 7 | 270 | 231 |
| T4-021 | Rivalry | borrowed | merging | 5 | 135 | 116 |
| T4-022 | Flagging the nation | adapted | merging | 12 | 234 | 124 |
| T4-023 | Neo-tribes | borrowed | merging | 6 | 56 | 35 |
| T4-024 | Symbolic boundaries | adapted | merging | 5 | 54 | 49 |
| T4-025 | Visibility returns | coined | relating | 9 | 129 | 117 |
| T4-026 | Completion ritual | adapted | merging | 8 | 696 | 522 |
| T4-027 | Collective memory | borrowed | merging | 6 | 508 | 381 |
| T4-028 | Transition | adapted | merging | 6 | 249 | 213 |
T4-001. Keying
- Gloss. "Is this an April fool?" [kerbalspaceprogram/c0083]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Goffman, E. (1974) Frame Analysis; Bateson, G. (1972) A theory of play and fantasy.
- What changed, and why. Goffman's keying turns a primary frame into play for participants who know it. Here a play frame is laid over a whole community space for one calendar day, by its moderators or its members. Changed: the unit keyed is a venue, not a strip of activity, and the keying is contested as well as performed.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where a shared play frame lies over a community's space during a collective task and members never test, break or extend it, or where its presence changes nothing in how the task's own calls are read.
- Move. Relating (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
The canvas opened on April Fools' Day, and many subs laid a play frame over their own space. What holds this bundle together is that frame and the work of keeping it: someone sets it, others play inside it, others ask of any claim whether it is in the frame or out, some object that the play is in the way and switch it off, some want what was made in play to outlast the day, and some answer a company's play in earnest. The frame gives a room a shared joke to perform. It also makes every announcement, a call to the canvas included, open to the question whether it is meant. Much canvas work went on inside, beside or against this frame.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-001 staging April Fools fake news (349, 274)
- T3-023 running an April Fools takeover (254, 173)
- T3-032 objecting to April Fools posts (80, 72)
- T3-048 reacting to official April Fools (99, 63)
- T3-064 spreading the room's joke elsewhere (16, 16)
- T3-093 playing with granted moderator powers, rare (3, 2)
- T3-095 testing others' April Fools claims (101, 88)
- T3-097 switching off the prank styling (49, 42)
- T3-100 keeping April Fools changes afterwards (35, 30)
- T3-106 calling a network boycott, rare (1, 1)
T4-002. Boundary work
- Gloss. "Please take all /r/place content to the stickied Megathread." [madokamagica/c0073]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Gieryn, T. F. (1983) Boundary-work and the demarcation of science from non-science, American Sociological Review.
- What changed, and why. Gieryn's boundary-work is the demarcation of science from non-science, drawn for authority and resources. Here a standing community demarcates its own agenda from an event that floods it, with rules and venues as well as words.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where a passing event floods a standing community and the community neither contains nor contests it, or where containment does not change where the project's work is talked about or in whose name.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Every room was a standing community before the canvas opened, with its own subject and rules, and the canvas arrived as a flood of posts about something else. This bundle is the community deciding what belongs in its space and what the event is worth to it. The means are moderators' rules, removals, a single thread, a separate sub, members' objections and arguments that the canvas is worth nothing. Boundary work shaped the canvas effort from outside: it settled where the work could be talked about and whether the work was the community's or a side project of some of its members.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-015 routing canvas posts into megathreads (131, 123)
- T3-037 arguing the canvas's worth (84, 76)
- T3-063 removing canvas posts by rule (90, 83)
- T3-075 objecting to the canvas flood (73, 72)
- T3-090 opening a canvas sub (49, 49)
- T3-140 moderators disowning the canvas work, rare (0, 0)
- T3-184 pausing the sub's usual events (2, 2)
- T3-185 changing the sub's posting rules (18, 17)
T4-003. Sensemaking
- Gloss. "How does r/place work?" [clashroyale/c0195]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Weick, K. E. (1995) Sensemaking in Organizations.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where members faced with a novel, shared and changing object never ask what it is or what its parts show, or where their accounts never feed their next action.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
The canvas was new, changed by the minute and showed up in every sub at once. This bundle is the room building a working account of an equivocal object from cues and mostly after the fact: what the event is and how one takes part, what a picture or detail shows, what the neighbours made. The account is what lets a newcomer place a first pixel and lets a member read what has happened to the room's corner. Because the explanation often goes to someone who asked, the same account recruits.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-016 explaining what the canvas is (249, 232)
- T3-018 decoding the finished picture's details (56, 53)
- T3-052 remarking on neighbouring pictures (64, 63)
T4-004. Frame bridging
- Gloss. "r/place is over... the hornet isnt finished, just like the game" [starcitizen/c0375]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Snow, D. A., Rochford, E. B., Worden, S. K. and Benford, R. D. (1986) Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation, American Sociological Review.
- What changed, and why. In Snow and colleagues, frame bridging links congruent but unconnected frames to recruit participants. Here a room links the canvas episode to frames it already holds, so the episode is told in the room's language. Changed: the bridge runs from a community's existing culture to a new collective episode, and its effect is on meaning and commitment inside the room more than on recruiting outsiders.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where canvas talk in rooms with a strong prior culture draws on that culture no more than talk in rooms without one, or where the episode is told in the event's generic idiom rather than in each room's.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Rooms did not meet the canvas with a blank vocabulary. What holds this bundle together is the direction of borrowing: an interpretive frame the room already held, its running jokes, its fandom's lore, its own quarrels or its politics, is bridged to the new episode, so that the episode becomes another chapter of the room's story. The bridge is how a room makes a strangers' event its own, and it is why the same act on the canvas is told so differently from room to room.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-031 playing the room's in-jokes (258, 218)
- T3-086 carrying in the sub's quarrel (23, 21)
- T3-135 telling clashes as fandom lore (16, 16)
- T3-179 arguing ideology from the canvas (15, 12)
T4-005. Mobilization
- Gloss. "we need more people." [MMA/c0432]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: McCarthy, J. D. and Zald, M. N. (1977) Resource mobilization and social movements: a partial theory, American Journal of Sociology.
- What changed, and why. McCarthy and Zald treat mobilization as movement organizations gathering money and labour. Here what is gathered is minutes of placing time from members who owe nothing, and the mobilizer is any member who posts a call. Changed: the resource is time on a clock, the organization is often only the call, and the inducements are encouragement and timing.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where a work needing many hands on a clock gets them as often by chance as by being called, or where calls draw no hands.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
A picture of any size needs many pixels from many people within hours, and nobody can be ordered to place. This bundle gathers hands, from the room's own members first and from kindred subs after, by calls, encouragement, a time set for placing together, and sometimes by keeping the call quiet so it draws no attackers. The call is cheap to make, and the form pass found the answer to it cheaper still. Mobilization is how a room turns a crowd's attention into placed pixels, and its absence is the first reason a proposed work never appears.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-002 calling members in to place (364, 345)
- T3-062 recruiting kindred subs to help (44, 44)
- T3-104 cheering the builders on (24, 23)
- T3-144 recruiting quietly to avoid attackers, rare (0, 0)
- T3-167 timing a mass placement together (2, 2)
T4-006. Collective representation
- Gloss. "Let's represent ourselves at r/place" [stevenuniverse/c0013]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Durkheim, E. (1912) Les formes elementaires de la vie religieuse.
- What changed, and why. Durkheim's collective representations are the emblems through which a group represents itself to itself, the totem above all. Here the emblem is a pixel mark the room chooses, designs and claims on a shared canvas. Changed: the group makes its emblem within days and in public competition for space, so choosing it is a collective decision that can fail.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where groups choose their marks for reasons unrelated to what the mark says of them (space, ease, chance), or where a mark of the group made by others is never claimed as its own.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Before a room can build, it must decide what it will show of itself. What holds this bundle together is that the mark is the room's emblem: proposing it, designing it, signing it or leaving it unsigned, honouring a creator or the dead through it, and claiming a mark that others made or began are all choices about what the room is, and members argue them as such. The emblem is also what the room later defends, mourns and takes into its banner.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-004 settling the mark's design (306, 281)
- T3-033 proposing the room's mark (178, 166)
- T3-077 animating the mark in timelapse, rare (1, 1)
- T3-082 finding the room's mark placed (44, 43)
- T3-092 making a tribute alone (5, 5)
- T3-160 building memorials to the dead (4, 4)
- T3-169 signing the sub's name (35, 35)
- T3-175 adopting a sign others began (8, 6)
- T3-191 leaving the work unsigned, rare (2, 2)
- T3-197 heeding the creator's wishes, rare (1, 1)
T4-007. Stigmergy
- Gloss. "I saw a half done logo and knew my life had purpose for a few hours." [starbound/c0082]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Grasse, P.-P. (1959) La reconstruction du nid et les coordinations inter-individuelles, Insectes Sociaux; Heylighen, F. (2016) Stigmergy as a universal coordination mechanism, Cognitive Systems Research.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where placers work only from explicit instructions (templates, chat orders, calls) and the state of the surface never prompts the next placement.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Once a mark is begun, the mark coordinates. The trace on the canvas tells the next placer what is missing and where; a half-done logo is a call no one had to post. What holds this bundle together is work organized through the work: building and reporting progress, growing the mark beyond its first form, and adding a personal piece to a mark many share all read the state of the canvas and change it for the next placer. This is the coordination the template formalizes and the backstage plans, and it runs without either.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-038 building and reporting the mark (260, 237)
- T3-041 extending the room's work (188, 168)
- T3-060 adding a personal piece (7, 7)
T4-008. Standardization of output
- Gloss. "I'd rather just follow the template and not have these debates over that pixel." [xenoblade_chronicles/c0030]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Mintzberg, H. (1979) The Structuring of Organizations.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where works with a shared template show no more agreement among placers than works without one, or where templates circulate and hold no one to them.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
A template specifies the output pixel by pixel, so strangers who never speak can place toward one picture. What holds this bundle together is the standard: an object that settles in advance what each pixel should be, and so replaces argument with reference. Members circulate it, ask for it, hold strays to it, demand one plan when calls scatter, and write to individual placers who depart from it. The standard is the room's strongest coordination at scale, and also the point where scripts can take over the placing.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-008 messaging individual placers to stop (4, 4)
- T3-034 asking for coordinates and instructions (13, 12)
- T3-049 complaining the calls are scattered (12, 11)
- T3-070 sharing coordinates, templates and how-to (221, 207)
- T3-091 keeping everyone on one template (30, 30)
T4-009. Workarounds
- Gloss. "Remember, you can use your old alt accounts to draw more pixels." [truestl/c0022]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Gasser, L. (1986) The integration of computing and routine work, ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems.
- What changed, and why. Gasser's workarounds are users' ways of getting work done around a system that does not fit it. Here the misfit is deliberate: the event limits each account to one pixel per interval, and rooms work around it. Changed: the constraint is the event's central rule, the workaround becomes a collective capacity, and its fairness is argued in the open.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where groups under a per-person rate limit that could multiply their hands do not, or where the workaround never comes under the group's governance.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
The clock the rooms did not set is the cooldown: one pixel per account per interval. What holds this bundle together is that rule and the collective wish to place faster than the members can. Rooms built machine hands and extra accounts and shared their targets; once they had them, they had to govern them, arguing whether they were fair, switching off old versions that fought the plan, and teaching a script to spare a neighbour. The workaround turns a fixed clock into a capacity that some rooms had and others did not.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-027 arguing whether scripts are fair (82, 80)
- T3-028 running scripts for the work (163, 158)
- T3-074 working around the timer (37, 37)
- T3-088 placing beyond the pixel limit (39, 37)
- T3-089 switching off stale scripts (24, 24)
- T3-108 sharing one bot target (7, 7)
- T3-120 lending accounts to a bot (4, 4)
- T3-168 editing scripts to spare neighbours (5, 5)
T4-010. Backstage decision-making
- Gloss. "We decided on the discord (which you should join cough cough)" [drumcorps/c0082]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Goffman, E. (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (the back region).
- What changed, and why. Goffman's back region is where performers prepare out of the audience's sight. Here the room's deliberation moves out of the public thread into a chat where those present decide, and the thread becomes the stage where decisions are announced. Changed: the backstage is a place of decision, and who is in it is contested.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where moving planning into a closed venue does not change who decides, or where decisions taken there are never brought to the thread and never contested.
- Move. Relating (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Many rooms moved their planning out of the thread into a chat, most often a Discord. The acts in this bundle relate to that move: making it or refusing it, choosing the venue, bringing its decisions back, keeping plans from rivals who read the thread and watching theirs. The move creates a backstage where fewer people decide faster and in private, and a front stage where the rest learn the result. It brings speed and secrecy, and it raises the question no thread had asked: who may speak in the chat, and whether its plan binds those who were not there.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-014 moving planning into a chat (268, 263)
- T3-107 keeping planning in the thread (3, 3)
- T3-109 arguing which chat to use (3, 3)
- T3-114 disputing the chat's authority (9, 9)
- T3-116 hiding the plan from rivals (3, 3)
- T3-132 spying in a rival's chat (6, 6)
- T3-152 announcing what the chat decided (33, 33)
T4-011. Decided order
- Gloss. "Can we elect you as our leader and have whatever we're doing edited into your post?" [fireemblem/c0309]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Ahrne, G. and Brunsson, N. (2011) Organization outside organizations: the significance of partial organization, Organization.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where groups formed on a clock with no prior structure decide elements of formal order (leader, vote, division of tasks, oath, sanction) as often as they do without them, or where deciding them makes no difference to how the group decides.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Most rooms organized without anyone deciding how they were organized. This bundle holds the exceptions, where a room decides an element of formal organization: a hierarchy, a vote or election, a division of the work, membership and oaths, a sanction on its own vandals, a succession; and at the other pole the room that says outright it has no plan. Ahrne and Brunsson's point is that organization can be partial, a decided element or two without a formal organization. Here decided order is rare, which the form pass also found in the absence of the question who leads.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-066 putting decisions to a vote (18, 18)
- T3-101 putting one member in charge (6, 6)
- T3-103 dividing the picture among teams (5, 5)
- T3-121 excluding the room's own vandals (13, 13)
- T3-125 saying the room wings it (2, 2)
- T3-172 renewing the order's oaths (2, 2)
- T3-173 holding elections for office (2, 2)
- T3-187 handing the work over (4, 4)
T4-012. Collective efficacy
- Gloss. "We don't have enough people working on it to make it larger." [roosterteeth/c0032]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Bandura, A. (1997) Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control; Bandura, A. (2000) Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy, Current Directions in Psychological Science.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where a group's stated belief in its strength has no bearing on what it attempts or keeps.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Before and during the work, members judged aloud what the room could do. What holds this bundle together is that shared belief about the room's capability, voiced as doubt: too few people, a canvas too full, a room absent or outclassed, defenders told to give up, members quitting under strain. It is the other face of mobilization: a call says the room can, these say it cannot, and the belief shapes whether hands come and stay.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-036 judging the canvas too full (4, 4)
- T3-059 urging others to give up (8, 8)
- T3-098 questioning the room's canvas presence (19, 19)
- T3-136 doubting the room's strength (44, 43)
- T3-181 quitting the effort under strain (20, 20)
T4-013. Repair work
- Gloss. "I will keep an eye on it when I can today and help to protect it." [wildhockey/c0143]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Jackson, S. J. (2014) Rethinking repair, in Gillespie, Boczkowski and Foot (eds) Media Technologies.
- What changed, and why. Jackson treats repair as the ongoing work that keeps technological orders going against breakdown and decay. Here the decay is other people's pixels, continuous and sometimes hostile. Changed: the erosion is social, so repair shades into defence, and it competes for the same hands as growth.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where works on an open surface survive without continuous attention, or where defence against attack and routine repair never draw on the same hands.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
A finished work on the canvas does not stay finished: stray pixels, neighbours' growth and attacks wear it away within hours. What holds this bundle together is maintenance against erosion: watching, fixing, defending under attack, covering the night, reshaping the mark to resist tampering, and choosing to keep what is held before growing. The theory question's last clause turns on it. Whether the work is kept alive depends on whether a room sustains repair after the excitement of building has passed.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-005 defending the work against attackers (425, 392)
- T3-021 watching and repairing the work (305, 293)
- T3-042 choosing upkeep over expansion (46, 43)
- T3-055 reshaping the mark against tampering (20, 20)
- T3-069 concentrating effort on fewer pieces (32, 29)
- T3-141 covering the night shift (24, 24)
T4-014. Territoriality
- Gloss. "we were here first. Want proof? I got lots of it." [Okami/c0036]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Brown, G., Lawrence, T. B. and Robinson, S. L. (2005) Territoriality in organizations, Academy of Management Review.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where groups on a shared surface treat space as no one's, never invoking arrival or work as a right, or where claims to a spot carry no weight with neighbours.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
The canvas is finite, and a mark needs a place. What holds this bundle together is the feeling and expression of ownership over a place no one owns: a room's claim rests on having been there first and having made something there, and others mostly treat the claim as real. Choosing a spot, holding it, yielding it, granting part of it, weighing a fight for a lost spot against a move, and moving all work on that claim. Territoriality is what turns a free canvas into a map of holdings.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-012 granting a neighbour room (13, 13)
- T3-020 choosing a canvas spot (135, 132)
- T3-022 relocating after losing the spot (119, 116)
- T3-039 yielding space when asked (17, 17)
- T3-045 arguing who was there first (18, 18)
- T3-123 refusing to give up space (18, 17)
- T3-124 weighing fighting against moving (17, 17)
T4-015. Live and let live
- Gloss. "Everyone over here, please respect the American Flag and build around it." [greenlattice/c0076]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Axelrod, R. (1984) The Evolution of Cooperation; Ashworth, T. (1980) Trench Warfare 1914-1918: The Live and Let Live System.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where restraint between neighbours appears only under an explicit agreement, or where it does not track the neighbour's restraint.
- Move. Relating (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Most neighbours never agreed anything, and most spared each other anyway. The acts in this bundle relate as a cycle: restraint offered, a defection, an appeal or an apology, restraint restored, and the argument over whether covering is fair at all. The system needs no agreement because each room meets its neighbour again and again within hours. It explains why the open canvas was not a war of all against all, and why a single member's defection could set off a quarrel the room then had to repair.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-007 urging repair over retaliation, rare (1, 1)
- T3-024 refusing to cover others' work (88, 85)
- T3-025 placing rival marks together, rare (1, 1)
- T3-040 apologizing to neighbours for damage (34, 34)
- T3-046 arguing whether covering is fair (44, 42)
- T3-047 making up with another sub (10, 10)
- T3-076 reining in the room's attackers (60, 60)
- T3-102 defying the call for restraint (2, 2)
- T3-119 turning attackers into helpers (12, 12)
- T3-139 pleading with attackers to stop (19, 19)
- T3-183 mourning art the room covered (2, 2)
T4-016. Negotiated order
- Gloss. "we did some diplomacy and managed to agree on a border" [theexpanse/c0056]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Strauss, A. (1978) Negotiations: Varieties, Contexts, Processes and Social Order; Strauss, A. et al. (1963) The hospital and its negotiated order.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where order between neighbours on a shared surface comes about without talk, or where agreements once reached are never invoked, broken or renegotiated.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Where tacit restraint was not enough, rooms talked. What holds this bundle together is order as the outcome of continuing negotiation: borders, truces and deals made by envoys across threads and languages, held to by reminders and accusations of breach, disputed afterwards, and always facing one difficulty, who can speak for a room whose placers no one commands. It explains why the canvas's borders were dense with talk, and why an agreement was only as good as a room's hold over its own placers.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-010 settling borders with neighbours (445, 418)
- T3-030 disputing how an alliance went (8, 8)
- T3-067 trading away another room's work, rare (1, 1)
- T3-083 negotiating across a language gap (3, 3)
- T3-126 disputing who speaks for rooms (15, 15)
- T3-138 staying neutral between two rooms (6, 6)
- T3-149 agreeing truces with rival rooms (112, 107)
- T3-161 mediating between other rooms, rare (0, 0)
- T3-193 arguing whether cooperation is surrender (3, 3)
- T3-194 acting as envoys between rooms (13, 13)
- T3-195 holding rooms to their agreements (22, 20)
T4-017. Reciprocity
- Gloss. "We will help you guys if you help us from Michigan." [purdue/c0056]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Gouldner, A. W. (1960) The norm of reciprocity: a preliminary statement, American Sociological Review.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where help between groups carries no expectation of return, or where groups that helped are helped no more than groups that did not.
- Move. Relating (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Help crossed between rooms constantly, and it was rarely free of accounts. The acts in this bundle relate through the norm Gouldner named: help creates an obligation to return it, acknowledged in thanks and greetings, honoured in counter-help, traded outright, or broken by a refusal. Reciprocity explains how rooms that could compel no one could still count on hands beyond their own members.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-011 helping another room's work (119, 114)
- T3-071 letting neighbours adopt the work (2, 2)
- T3-072 thanking the room's allies (66, 62)
- T3-084 asking other rooms for help (76, 73)
- T3-115 turning away another room's request (13, 13)
- T3-122 sending greetings to another room (20, 20)
- T3-151 bartering help with neighbours (121, 118)
T4-018. Meta-organization
- Gloss. "Did /r/GreenLattice approve it?" [warframe/c0248]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Ahrne, G. and Brunsson, N. (2008) Meta-Organizations; Ahrne, G. and Brunsson, N. (2005) Organizations and meta-organizations, Scandinavian Journal of Management.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where groups on a shared surface act only one by one, or where bodies of groups are named but never admit, refuse or rule on a member's work.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Some organizing on the canvas had rooms, not people, as its members. What holds this bundle together is a room's membership in a body of rooms, with the body deciding something for its members: kindred hubs, hosts that admit and rule on others' building, shelter under a bigger neighbour, named alliances, shared councils, joint marks. It explains how many small rooms held space they could not have held alone, and why a room's standing could depend on another room's approval.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-013 gathering kindred rooms together (13, 13)
- T3-019 tallying kindred rooms' works (6, 6)
- T3-035 asking a host for space (55, 52)
- T3-056 making joint marks with others (28, 27)
- T3-094 disputing who approves a spot (6, 6)
- T3-099 relying on a bigger neighbour (5, 5)
- T3-150 forming alliances between rooms (97, 91)
- T3-153 meeting other rooms in chat (31, 31)
- T3-162 vetting others' requests to build (8, 7)
T4-019. Attribution
- Gloss. "Who keeps adding the unnecessary black squares on his right arm?" [terraria/c0081]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Heider, F. (1958) The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations; Kelley, H. H. (1967) Attribution theory in social psychology, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation.
- What changed, and why. Attribution theory concerns how people infer the causes of behaviour. Here every changed pixel on an anonymous surface poses the question who did it and why. Changed: the inference is collective, public and practical, and it includes disowning one's own placers.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where groups respond to damage the same way whatever they infer about its author.
- Move. Relating (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
No pixel carries a name, so every change to a work is a puzzle. The acts in this bundle relate through inference about the author and intent of a change: tracing who did it, finding that it was a friend or a mistake, blaming the site's or the sub's officers, and telling others that placers acting in the room's name are not the room's. The attribution decides whether a room repairs quietly, forgives, appeals or strikes back. It is the hinge between restraint and contention.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-087 tracing who changed the work (125, 119)
- T3-118 blaming moderators for a loss (5, 5)
- T3-170 mistaking friendly work for vandalism (46, 46)
- T3-188 disowning placers outside the plan (16, 16)
T4-020. Repertoire of contention
- Gloss. "quick lads, lets destroy the union jack" [ireland/c0484]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Tilly, C. (1978) From Mobilization to Revolution; Tilly, C. (1995) Popular Contention in Great Britain, 1758-1834.
- What changed, and why. Tilly's repertoire is the limited, learned set of performances by which people make claims on others, states above all. Here the claims are made on other rooms' works with the moves the canvas affords. Changed: the target is a rival's work, not an authority, and some performances make no claim at all.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where attacks take no recurring forms learned and reused across groups, each episode inventing its own.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Attack on the canvas took a small number of recurring forms, learned and copied from room to room. What holds this bundle together is that these were the moves a room had to hand when it chose to contest others' work, and every rival knew them too: erasing, encroaching, converting another's sign, raiding on a streamer's call, planting a hostile script, harassing a person off the site, griefing for fun. The repertoire is what repair and restraint had to answer.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-006 calling to deface rivals' work (176, 163)
- T3-061 pushing into a neighbour's space (66, 62)
- T3-068 converting a neighbour's art (61, 59)
- T3-128 relaying a streamer's attack call, rare (1, 1)
- T3-176 planting disguised scripts on rivals (3, 3)
- T3-178 brigading one person off Reddit (2, 2)
- T3-192 griefing the work for fun (13, 13)
T4-021. Rivalry
- Gloss. "We outlasted the overwatch logo on r/place" [paladins/c0246]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Kilduff, G. J., Elfenbein, H. A. and Staw, B. M. (2010) The psychology of rivalry: a relationally dependent analysis of competition, Academy of Management Journal.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where contests between groups leave no relationship behind, or where repeated opponents are treated like any other.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Some contests became relationships. What holds this bundle together is rivalry: a competitive relationship with a history, in which one other room matters more than any other and outdoing it is a stake of its own. Taunts and chants before, victory claims and salutes after, grievances kept past the close all address that one rival. Rivalry raises effort and lengthens memory, and it is one reason some fights went far beyond what the space was worth.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-050 trading taunts with rivals (85, 78)
- T3-058 blaming attackers after the close (25, 25)
- T3-134 flooding rivals' threads with chants (6, 6)
- T3-154 claiming victory over rival rooms (23, 23)
- T3-155 saluting rivals after the fight (5, 5)
T4-022. Flagging the nation
- Gloss. "constructing, expanding and defending their flag, our nation's flag" [india/c0191]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Billig, M. (1995) Banal Nationalism.
- What changed, and why. Billig's flagging is the daily, unnoticed reminding of nationhood by flags hung everywhere. Here the flag is made by hand, pixel by pixel, and fought over, so banal flagging turns into enacted nationalism at small stakes. Changed: the flag is a collective product rather than a fixture, and making it draws national history and politics into a game.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where rooms named for a land make its flag no more often than other marks, or where building a national flag on a shared surface stirs no talk of belonging, history, kin nations or national others.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Rooms named for a nation, state or region mostly made its flag, and making it was never only a picture. What holds this bundle together is the nation reproduced through a shared, ordinary artefact: members felt national through it, filled it with emblems, helped kin nations and joined flags in friendship, cast canvas fights as historic wars, read politics into it, argued who belongs, and mocked rival peoples. It explains why national rooms organized fast and fought hard: the flag carries a membership that was in place before the canvas opened.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-065 building the homeland's flag (109, 96)
- T3-078 helping kin nations' flags (9, 8)
- T3-079 joining flags with a heart (14, 13)
- T3-081 casting fights as national history (27, 24)
- T3-085 weighing the room against nations (5, 5)
- T3-113 drawing national emblems (41, 39)
- T3-130 reading national politics in pixels (23, 22)
- T3-142 making ethnic jokes about rivals (10, 10)
- T3-145 feeling national through the canvas (11, 10)
- T3-165 debating friendship with historic enemies (3, 3)
- T3-166 arguing the nation's historical record, rare (2, 2)
- T3-180 disputing national belonging (4, 4)
T4-023. Neo-tribes
- Gloss. "LONG LIVE THE BLUE CORNER! DEATH TO THE GREENCORNER" [GreenCorner/c0023]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Maffesoli, M. (1996) The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where groupings born on the surface hold members by interest alone, with no hails, loyalty or creed, or where membership in them is as fixed as membership in a standing community.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
The canvas grew its own collectives, with no sub behind them at first: colour factions and the void. What holds this bundle together is a grouping formed around a shared aesthetic and held by affect and ritual, fluid in membership and quick to divide: people join by placing a colour, hail it, spread it, defect from its rivals, give their pixels to an outside group's build, and split over what it stands for. These are the canvas's own organizations, and the other rooms met them as forces, as the form pass found.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-096 hailing the colour corners (5, 4)
- T3-137 joining an outside group's build (11, 10)
- T3-163 defecting from a rival faction (2, 2)
- T3-171 spreading a faction's colour (17, 15)
- T3-174 professing loyalty to a colour (16, 15)
- T3-190 splitting a faction over doctrine (8, 7)
T4-024. Symbolic boundaries
- Gloss. "Help remove the swastika appearing near/on our banner in /r/place" [poland/c0093]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Lamont, M. and Molnar, V. (2002) The study of boundaries in the social sciences, Annual Review of Sociology.
- What changed, and why. Lamont and Molnar's symbolic boundaries are distinctions by which people sort objects, practices and people. Here rooms draw the line of what may stand on a canvas anyone can mark. Changed: the line is enforced with the same pixels that drew the transgression, with no authority above the rooms.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where offensive symbols on a surface anyone can mark stand unremarked, or where arguments over what may stand never lead anyone to cover or remove anything.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
Anyone could place anything, and some placed swastikas and slurs. What holds this bundle together is the moral line of the open canvas, drawn and enforced by the rooms themselves: hate symbols covered, bigoted talk shut down, symbols and jokes judged, and the transgressions that provoked them. It explains how a surface with no written rules on content still kept, mostly, to rules no one had written.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-080 arguing over political symbols (25, 24)
- T3-143 judging whether a joke offends (12, 11)
- T3-146 covering swastikas and hate symbols (6, 6)
- T3-177 calling to draw swastikas (3, 3)
- T3-182 shutting down bigotry in chat (8, 8)
T4-025. Visibility returns
- Gloss. "Thanks to our pixel art in /r/place, we gained 80+ new subscribers in 2 days!" [zootopia/c0195]
- Declared. Coined, this corpus's. A reader may mistake it for: Publicity, or signalling (Spence 1973). A signal is sent to inform a receiver's choice; these are returns a room courts, counts and fears from an audience it does not choose.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where a community's mark on a widely watched surface brings nothing back (no newcomers, no notice from creators or press, no returning members), or where communities never court or fear what it brings.
- Move. Relating (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
The canvas was watched by the whole site and then by the press, and a mark on it was seen by people who had never visited the room. The acts in this bundle relate through what being seen brings back: rooms courted the audience through the site's rankings and listings, put demands and slogans before it and hoped their creators would notice, then counted and feared the return, newcomers, returning fans, coverage, a sub swamped by visitors. It explains why some rooms built for an audience beyond themselves, and how the canvas changed the communities that took part.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-044 recruiting canvas visitors (85, 76)
- T3-051 pushing posts up the rankings (22, 22)
- T3-053 spelling slogans with post titles (3, 3)
- T3-110 placing a tile as payment (2, 2)
- T3-127 seeking the creators' notice (4, 4)
- T3-129 making passers-by notice a demand (5, 5)
- T3-147 sharing the work's press coverage (4, 4)
- T3-189 fearing newcomers the mark draws (3, 3)
- T3-196 drawing lapsed fans back (8, 7)
T4-026. Completion ritual
- Gloss. "We did it reddit!" [liquicity/c0001]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Collins, R. (2004) Interaction Ritual Chains; Durkheim, E. (1912) Les formes elementaires de la vie religieuse (collective effervescence).
- What changed, and why. Collins's interaction ritual is a gathering with shared focus and mood that yields emotional energy, solidarity and group symbols. Here the ritual is the room's marking of its finished work, in posts, with credit and rewards handed out in it. Changed: the participants are strangers co-present only in a thread, and the ritual follows a joint product rather than a gathering.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where completing a joint work draws no shared marking, or where groups that mark it show no more later solidarity (emblems adopted, ties kept, return to the next round) than groups that do not.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
When a work was up, the room marked it. What holds this bundle together is the ritual of completion: shared attention on a finished thing that turns many strangers' pixels into 'we did it', with credit to makers and defenders, members' own parts told, prizes handed out, the meaning of working with strangers said aloud, and comfort drawn from being seen. The ritual pays the members whom no one could pay, and it produces the emblems and stories the room keeps.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-003 reporting one's own placing labour (61, 60)
- T3-009 celebrating the finished work (478, 442)
- T3-026 announcing the mark is up (54, 54)
- T3-043 crediting who made the work (167, 156)
- T3-157 reflecting on working together (40, 38)
- T3-159 rewarding helpers with prizes (7, 7)
- T3-164 feeling supported through the canvas (7, 7)
- T3-186 celebrating the feat in person, rare (1, 1)
T4-027. Collective memory
- Gloss. "Figured I might as well take screenshots of it before it's inevitably destroyed." [rhythmheaven/c0044]
- Declared. Borrowed, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Halbwachs, M. (1950) La memoire collective; Halbwachs, M. (1925) Les cadres sociaux de la memoire.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where groups whose shared surface is wiped keep no record of their work.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
The canvas was going to end, and works were lost before it did. What holds this bundle together is the making of a record the room can hold once the canvas is gone, shaped by what the room needs to remember: images saved as the work stood, accounts of what happened to it, mourning, the art imagined but never placed, entries in the shared atlas, the end marked. It explains how a three-day effort outlived the surface it was made on.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-029 mourning the lost work (103, 101)
- T3-073 reporting how the work fared (221, 209)
- T3-105 saving screenshots and timelapses (107, 103)
- T3-112 entering the work in atlases (4, 4)
- T3-117 marking the canvas's end (113, 108)
- T3-148 imagining art the canvas missed (10, 10)
T4-028. Transition
- Gloss. "LONG LIVE THE LATTICE!! In the form of the official Steam group" [greenlattice/c1156]
- Declared. Adapted, recalled (stage C3 verifies or withdraws). Source: Lundin, R. A. and Soderholm, A. (1995) A theory of the temporary organization, Scandinavian Journal of Management.
- What changed, and why. Lundin and Soderholm name transition as one of the four concepts of temporary organization (time, task, team, transition): the change the temporary effort brings about at its end. Here the temporary effort is a room's canvas work, and transition is what passes from it into the permanent community or beyond. Changed: the temporary organization was never planned as one; it discovers at the end what of itself to keep.
- Would be disconfirmed by. Fails where the end of a temporary collective effort leaves nothing that passes into lasting bodies: no work rebuilt, no venue kept, no tie carried on, no product claimed.
- Move. Merging (Grodal, Anteby and Holm).
When the canvas closed, each room had to decide what of its temporary effort to keep. What holds this bundle together is passage: the temporary organization ends, and something of it moves into the permanent community or out into the world, the work carried to later canvases or remade in other media, the canvas sub given a new purpose, the mark taken into the sub's banner, a tie with another room kept, the shared work sold or argued over. It explains which forms outlived the clock.
Members (placement lines, rooms):
- T3-054 carrying work to new canvases (146, 145)
- T3-057 remaking canvas art elsewhere (46, 42)
- T3-111 repurposing the canvas sub (19, 19)
- T3-131 arguing over selling canvas art (5, 4)
- T3-156 adopting the mark as emblem (36, 36)
- T3-158 proposing ties beyond the canvas (11, 10)
Third-order themes no fourth-order theme picks up
They are listed, not gathered into a catch-all (section 8).
- T3-017 carrying on ordinary sub talk (334, 212). The sub's ordinary business going on during the canvas week, apart from the canvas and April Fools. It is the ground the host community's boundary work protects, not an act of organizing the work, and no story about the canvas holds it.
- T3-133 recovering a hacked sub, rare (1, 1). A sub recovered after a moderator's account was hacked: one room, one event, unrelated to the canvas work.